Vietnam has demonstrated great and almost unrivaled development success over the past few decades as evidenced by a variety of measures, including national income, poverty reduction, and access to services. However, Vietnam’s performance in terms of progress on robust, equitable and sustainable development, an overarching objective of the country’s current policy framework, highlights that Vietnam is comparing less favorably when benchmarked against countries at similar income level, in the East Asia and Pacific region or globally, especially on the environment and resource efficiency.