The health system in Serbia faces significant challenges arising from a long-term demographic trend and recent shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Serbia’s population is aging, with the share of population aged 65 and above almost doubled from 9.6 percent to 18.7 percent between 1990 and 2019. Ageing population, coupled with high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors, has contributed to a rapidly rising burden of noncommunicable..